Understanding the 4D CAR Concept: What It Means and How It Differs from 4WD

The automotive industry is brimming with terms that can often lead to confusion, especially when they involve similar numbers or abbreviations. One such term is 4D CAR, which might leave you wondering about its meaning and whether it’s connected to four-wheel drive (4WD). Let’s break it down to clarify its true significance.

What Does 4D CAR Stand For?

In the context of automobiles, the term 4D CAR generally has two primary interpretations, depending on how it’s used:

4D Refers to Four-Door Vehicles

The most common usage of “4D” is as shorthand for “four-door.” In this sense, a 4D car simply refers to vehicles equipped with four doors. Examples include sedans, SUVs, and crossovers, which are known for their practicality and ease of access to both the front and rear seats.

Four-door cars are especially popular among families and individuals who prioritize convenience and spacious interiors. Some sporty models, known as four-door coupes, combine stylish aesthetics with the utility of additional doors.

4D as an Overdrive Transmission Setting

In another context, “4D” refers to a specific gear position in automatic transmission systems, often associated with the overdrive feature.

When engaged, this gear minimizes engine load by optimizing power delivery, making it ideal for maintaining a steady speed on highways. Overdrive improves fuel efficiency and reduces engine wear. Drivers may also use the 4D gear when towing heavy loads or navigating steep inclines, ensuring a balance between power and efficiency.

How Does 4D Differ from 4WD?

Although 4D and 4WD both contain the number four, they represent entirely different features:

4D (Four-Door or Overdrive Gear)

The term 4D pertains to either a vehicle’s structural design (four-door configuration) or its transmission system (overdrive gear). It has no direct link to drivetrain mechanics.

4WD (Four-Wheel Drive)

In contrast, 4WD refers to a drivetrain system that powers all four wheels simultaneously, offering superior traction and control. This feature is especially valuable for off-road driving or navigating tough weather conditions, such as snow or mud.

Vehicles with 4WD, such as rugged SUVs and trucks, are built for challenging terrains and outdoor adventures. Unlike 4D, which focuses on design or transmission settings, 4WD enhances a vehicle’s capability on difficult surfaces.

What About AWD?

Adding to the mix is AWD (all-wheel drive), a term that’s often mistaken for 4WD. While AWD also powers all four wheels, it differs in operation. AWD systems continuously adjust power distribution based on road conditions, providing optimal grip without the need for manual engagement.

Unlike 4WD, which is designed primarily for off-road scenarios, AWD caters to on-road conditions, offering stability and performance in slippery or uneven environments.

Key Takeaways

The term 4D CAR is associated with either four-door vehicles or the overdrive gear in automatic transmissions. It should not be confused with 4WD, which is a drivetrain configuration for tackling challenging terrains.

Understanding these distinctions allows you to better evaluate the features of a vehicle, whether you’re researching options for your next purchase or exploring the capabilities of your current car. Each term highlights unique aspects of design, efficiency, or performance, helping drivers make choices that align with their needs.

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Cars

How to Identify American-Made Tires & Support Local Businesses

by George Mensah 2025-04-06

When it comes to vehicle maintenance, your tires are among the most critical components. They directly impact safety, fuel efficiency, and overall driving performance. With advancements in tire technology, major brands continuously compete to deliver superior durability, traction, and eco-friendly solutions. However, for many consumers, purchasing tires isn’t just about performance—it’s also about supporting local economies and American manufacturing.

Why Buying American-Made Tires Matters

In an era of globalization, many well-known “American” brands outsource production overseas. While this can reduce costs, it also means fewer jobs stay within the U.S. By choosing tires manufactured domestically, you contribute to:

✅ Boosting Local Economies – Supporting American workers and businesses.
✅ Higher Quality Standards – U.S. factories often adhere to stricter safety and environmental regulations.
✅ Reduced Carbon Footprint – Locally made tires require less transportation, lowering emissions.

But how can you be sure your tires are truly American-made? Here’s how to verify their origin.

How to Check Where Your Tires Were Manufactured

The U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) requires all tire manufacturers to stamp a unique code indicating the production facility. Here’s how to decode it:

Locate the DOT Code – Found on the tire’s sidewall, it starts with “DOT” followed by a series of letters/numbers.
Identify the Plant Code – The first two characters after “DOT” reveal the manufacturing location.
Verify the Origin – Use the DOT’s Manufacturer Information Database (vPIC) to look up the plant.

Step-by-Step Guide:

Visit the NHTSA vPIC website.
Under “Manufacturer Information Database,” click vPIC MID.
Check the box for “Equipment Plants (Tires, Brake Hoses, Retread and Glazing).”
Select “Tires” from the dropdown menu.
Enter the DOT code (e.g., “CH” for Pirelli’s Hanford, CA plant).
Click “Search” to see the factory location.

Alternatively, we’ve compiled a list of major brands and their U.S. manufacturing codes for quick reference.

Top American-Made Tire Brands & Their U.S. Plants

1. Goodyear

Founded: 1898 in Akron, Ohio
U.S. Plants: Ohio (MB), Oklahoma (M6), Virginia (MC), Alabama (MD), North Carolina (MM, PJ), Kansas (MJ), Illinois (MN), Texas (MP, PL), Tennessee (MK)
Why Choose Goodyear? A legacy brand with a mix of budget and premium options. While some production occurs overseas, many tires are still made in America.

2. Cooper Tires (Now Part of Goodyear)

Founded: 1914 in Findlay, Ohio
U.S. Plants: Ohio (UP), Georgia (3D), Mississippi (U9), Arkansas (UT)
Why Choose Cooper? Known for affordable, high-mileage tires. Subsidiaries like Mastercraft and Mickey Thompson also produce U.S.-made tires.

3. TreadWright (100% American-Made & Eco-Friendly)

Based: Houston, Texas
Why Choose TreadWright?
- Only fully U.S.-made brand on this list.
- Specializes in retreaded tires, reducing waste.
- Uses recycled materials and 70% less oil than conventional tire production.
- Offers a 50,000-mile warranty on many models.

Foreign-Owned Brands with U.S. Factories

Many international tire companies operate American plants, providing jobs while maintaining global quality standards.

Brand	Origin	U.S. Plant Locations (DOT Codes)
Continental	Germany	IL (6B, A3), OH (A9), KY (AD), NC (AC), SC (VY)
Pirelli	Italy	CA (CH), TN (CK), GA (JR)
Michelin	France	SC (4M, M3, B6, B9), AL (B7)
Yokohama	Japan	VA (CC)
Firestone	Japan (Bridgestone)	IA, SC, NC, TN

Pro Tip: The AFL-CIO Union-Made in America list includes additional brands like Dunlop, Goodrich, and Kelly Springfield that produce union-made tires in the U.S.

Final Tips for Buying American-Made Tires

🔹 Ask Your Retailer – Some shops specialize in U.S.-made tires.
🔹 Check DOT Codes – Always verify before purchasing.
🔹 Support Small Businesses – Local tire shops often carry American brands.
🔹 Consider Retreads – Eco-friendly options like TreadWright reduce waste.

By choosing American-made tires, you invest in local jobs, higher quality, and sustainability. Next time you need new tires, check the DOT code—your purchase can make a difference!

Cars

Tesla Secures Ride-Hail Permit in California: A Step Closer to Its Robotaxi Dream

by George Mensah 2025-03-20

In a significant move toward realizing its ambitious robotaxi vision, Tesla has been granted a ride-hail permit by the California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC). This permit marks a crucial first step for the electric vehicle (EV) giant to launch a robotaxi service in California, a state at the forefront of autonomous vehicle innovation. While this development is a milestone, it also highlights the challenges and regulatory hurdles Tesla must overcome to bring its driverless ride-hailing service to the public.

What Does the CPUC Permit Mean for Tesla?

The CPUC has approved Tesla’s application to become a Transportation Charter-Party Carrier (TCP), a classification that allows the company to operate a fleet of vehicles for passenger services. Initially, this permit enables Tesla to transport its own employees in Tesla vehicles on a pre-arranged basis. However, the ultimate goal is to expand this service to the general public, though Tesla must notify the CPUC before making that transition.

It’s important to note that this permit is distinct from those held by ride-hailing giants like Uber and Lyft, which operate as Transportation Network Companies (TNCs). Unlike TNCs, which connect independent drivers with passengers via apps, Tesla’s TCP permit allows it to operate its own fleet with employed drivers—at least for now.

The Road to Robotaxis: Regulatory and Technological Challenges

While the TCP permit is a significant achievement, Tesla still has a long way to go before it can launch a fully autonomous ride-hailing service. Here are the key hurdles the company must address:

Autonomous Vehicle Testing Permits
To operate driverless vehicles commercially, Tesla must participate in CPUC’s Autonomous Vehicle Passenger Service Program. Additionally, the company needs permission from the California Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) to test fully autonomous vehicles on public roads—a step it has yet to take.
Technological Readiness
Tesla’s autonomous driving technology, known as Full Self-Driving (FSD), has faced scrutiny over its reliance on a camera-only sensor suite. Unlike competitors that use a combination of cameras, radar, and lidar, Tesla’s approach has raised questions about its safety and reliability. Critics argue that the lack of redundant safety systems could pose risks, especially in complex driving scenarios.
Public Trust and Regulatory Compliance
Elon Musk has repeatedly promised that fully autonomous vehicles are just around the corner, only to miss self-imposed deadlines. These delays have led to skepticism about Tesla’s ability to deliver on its robotaxi promises. Building public trust and ensuring compliance with evolving regulations will be critical for Tesla’s success.

Tesla’s Current Progress and Future Plans

Despite these challenges, Tesla is making strides toward its robotaxi goals. During an earnings call earlier this year, Elon Musk revealed that the company plans to begin testing driverless operations in Texas this summer. He also mentioned that Tesla has been conducting internal tests with employees in the Bay Area, using safety drivers to monitor the vehicles.

Musk’s vision for Tesla’s robotaxi service is ambitious: he envisions a future where Tesla owners can add their vehicles to a shared autonomous fleet, generating income when the cars are not in use. This concept, often referred to as the “Tesla Network,” could revolutionize the transportation industry by reducing the need for private car ownership and lowering the cost of mobility.

Implications for the Ride-Hailing Industry

Tesla’s entry into the ride-hailing market could disrupt the dominance of companies like Uber and Lyft. By leveraging its vertically integrated ecosystem—combining vehicle manufacturing, software development, and energy solutions—Tesla has the potential to offer a more seamless and cost-effective service. However, its success will depend on its ability to address regulatory, technological, and safety concerns.

For consumers, a Tesla robotaxi service could mean greater convenience, lower costs, and access to cutting-edge technology. For the broader transportation industry, it could accelerate the adoption of autonomous vehicles and pave the way for new business models.

Conclusion: A Promising Yet Challenging Path Ahead

Tesla’s acquisition of a ride-hail permit from the CPUC is a significant milestone in its journey toward launching a robotaxi service. However, the company faces substantial challenges, including regulatory approvals, technological advancements, and the need to build public trust. As Tesla continues to test and refine its autonomous driving technology, the world will be watching closely to see if it can turn its robotaxi vision into reality.

For now, the permit allows Tesla to lay the groundwork for its ride-hailing ambitions, but the road to fully autonomous, commercial robotaxis remains complex and uncertain. As the industry evolves, Tesla’s progress will serve as a bellwether for the future of autonomous transportation.

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